______ holds that “translation is dancing on ropes with fettered legs”. a. newmark b. nida c. dryden d. venuti
catford holds that translation is _______.
which of the following can be seen as a type of translation?
nida and taber hold that translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message first in terms of style and secondly in terms of meaning. ( )
toury defines translation as “translation is an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another.” ( )
norman shapiro said a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections—scratches, bubbles.
there is always something deformed or lost in the translation, which makes the translation astray away from the original in meaning or in style.
generally speaking, we talk about translation in its basic sense, or translation proper, that is, in jakobson’s term.
we use the symbol to stand for the thing in a(n) way.
which meaning is widely assumed to be the central factor in linguistic communication?
which are the elements of the semantic triangle?
which of the following english words for color have the equivalents in chinese?
in translation, the relationship between the symbol and the thing remains unchanged.
the answer to the question “is the concept still the same when it is represented by another symbol?” is in most cases “no”.
from the dictionaries, we know that what we translate is or .
the semantic triangle proposed by and in 1923.
there are seven types of language meaning: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning and meaning.
in the process of translating, the translator endeavors to hear the first version of the work as profoundly and completely as possible, struggling to discover____？
what’s the unique factor in the experience of translators?
which example can be cited as the fruitful exchange among languages brought about by translation?
what will be affected in the broadening of horizons that comes with translation?
what the translator does is an act of magic, like altering base metals into precious ones, and it involves a series of creative decisions and imaginative acts of critici.
the only one reason writers write is to communicate with and affect as many people as possible. translation expands that number exponentially, allowing more and more readers to be touched by an author's work.
as qian zhongshu said, good translations function as ____, ____ or attraction, for the readers of the target language to read the original, and bad translations are e(讹), distortion or distraction.
the 尊龙人生就是博 copyright of a translation is shared by the ______ and the ______.
when modern hermeneutics is introduced into the field of translation studies, ______, _____ and _______ constitute a cycle in the whole process of translation.
translator is the only agent of translation.
the author of a literary work is the only agent of that literary creation.
the translator becomes the agent of translation in its narrow sense while, in its broad sense, the author and the reader are also the agents of translation.
translation is not the only another expression of the original work in another language.
translator has two masters, one is the original work, the other is the reader of the translation.
one phenomenon resulting from the understanding of transparency in translation is that in translation practice, we only have one direction.
perspective is simply a cognitive matter.
the epistemological component is not central to the translator’s agency.
the translations with postcolonial features, like irish translations, must be viewed within a dominant contemporary.
self-censorship is always conscious.
translation does not merely reflect existing knowledge: it can ___ knowledge and ___ knowledge.
postcolonial translations also confirm the necessity of expanding the __________ of translation.
postcolonial translation illustrates that in many cases a translation is not only a text but an act, where the ____________ of the translation can be as important as the product of translation.
whose work has presented the most systematic contemporary survey of cultural translation?
what elements need to be considered in holistic cultural translation?
what are closely related to the translation of the signature concepts in a text?
a holistic procedure for translating culture is an integrated one.
expanding and emphasizing methods of cultural translation give more responsibility to translators.
a holistic approach to cultural translation contributes to _________ and _________ in translation.
“signature concepts” are involved in the _________ of a culture as well as its _________.
_________ is moving to the center of concern in translation studies.
the basic steps in translation process include _________ in its narrow sense.
register in halliday’s systemic functional linguistics comprises _________. a. field b. tenor c. text d. mode
george steiner’s hermeneutic motion of translation includes: a. initiative trust b. aggression c. incorporation d. compensation
an important term in toury’s model is norm.
_________ is a key term in nida’s three-stage system of translation.
vinay and darbelnet consider the unit of translation to be a combination of a _________ and a _________.
to take translation as communication, we will have the two involved in that communication, that are the _________ and the_________. and the_________ becomes the communicator between the two.
the key requirement for nida is __________.
which one is qian zhongshu's idea?
the basic requirements of a translation are _____________.
reiss ides the text types into __________________.
formal equivalence is _______________-oriented, while dynamic equivalence is _________-oriented.
if we yze translation in a functionalist and communicative approach, we should view the concept of equivalence at the level of _____, but not _________________.
according to reiss, _______________ should tranit the full referential or conceptual content of the source text.
he is a walking skeleton.可译为“他是行尸走肉”。
i wish i could bring you to see my point.可译为“我希望我能使你明白我的意思。”
i have no opinion of that young man.可译为“我不了解那个青年人。”
he lived like a fighting cock.可译为“他过着斗鸡的日子。”
诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特认为：“诗歌就是那在翻译中失去的东西。”
john can be relied on. he eats no fish and plays the game. 意为：约翰此人可靠。既忠诚，又办事公道。
汉语具有意美、音美、形美三大优点。
repetition of initial consonant sound in closely associated words is called ___.
repetition of similar vowel sound in closely associated words is called ____.
imitation of natural sounds in word form is called _____.
his words are always more candied than candid.一句中的头韵修辞格，让其审美价值大幅提升。
the rain in spain stays mainly in the plain. 一句中主要使用了腹韵修辞格。
first thrive and then wife. 翻译成“先发达后娶妻。”虽然意思都对，但美感大大磨蚀。
无论在中文诗歌还是英文诗歌中，尾韵都占据非常重要的位置。
he flopped down the bag and ran to help us.一句中，flop既拟声，又是动词，融拟声与表示动作为一体。
在表达“减少”之意时，常见的词汇有：fall, drop, dip, decrease, e, nosee, plummet, plunge, sink, tumble等。
it is so easy now to see the irony of oking: children do it to be like s, who oke but wish they didn’t. 可译为：如今，吸烟的讽刺意味是显而易见的——孩子们抽烟是为了模仿大人，而吸烟的大人们却后悔自己学会了吸烟。
like many self-educated men he has a certain do-it-yourself incisiveness.可译为：和许多自学者一样，他独立思维能力较强。
he favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries.可译为：他赞成为了同所有爱好和平的改善关系而进行的努力。
he did not hesitate in choosing the path of wilderness whenever his convictions, in the context of situation he faced, seemed to demand the choice.可译为：凡是他经过审势度势，自信看来需要选择冷僻的道路的话，就毫不犹豫地选择这条道路。
instead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear.可译为：相反，听到我们实际上非常乐意听的话，人们往往会不知所措，或往往耸耸肩膀不屑一顾。
if we approach the phenomenon of interpreting from a historical perspective we can categorize interpreting based on .
interpreting is an ancient human practice which clearly postdates the invention of writing and (written) translation.
in the 1920s, was developed to enable interpreters to work simultaneously.
consecutive interpreting with the use of systematic is sometimes referred to as ‘classic’ consecutive.
which one is not the characteristics of interpreting?
which one is not the taboo in interpreting?
“fidelity” is demanded to the “message and style” of the original, with priority given to the “structure”.
of interpreters’ qualities, affective qualities ( sanz, 1931 ) include .
the national register for public service interpreters in the united kingdom specifies that interpreters admitted to the register are expected to:
it is clear that interpreters should not take on work that they may not be able to complete.
one way of ‘certifying’ compliance with professional standards is membership in a professional organization that has adopted a code of conduct and practice.
in china, the three main certifications are c , naeti, and sia.
a good speech will have a clear message and purpose.
a good speech will have an interest to the audience.
a good speech will have inadequate development of ideas.
a good speech will have a vague structure.
a good speech will have an entertainment element---humour and word pictures.
a good speech will have inappropriate language.
words will flow logically if they are presented in complete sentence.
ideas in a speech will flow logically if they are presented either deductively or inductively.
the use of transitions such as therefore, however, on the other hand, similarly,...will help both you and your audience to stay focused.
the key points of coping tactics may include interruption when necessary.
the key points of coping tactics may include checking to clear doubts.
the key points of coping tactics may include paraphrasing and explaining.
coping tactics can maximize the negative impact of the difficulties faced by the interpreter.
coping tactics are not crucial for the interpreter working out in the field.
a good interpreter should have the capacity to control the situation he or she is involved in.
when interpreting , a good interpreter is supposed to remain shy.
if the interpreter fails to hear or understand a concept , or a term , he or she may ask the speaker to repeat.
coping tactics can not be learned through practice or training.
2. 5/1000
3. 8.69
4. 70.12%
5. 3，698，700，108
according to the lecture, proper names, numbers, list and examples must be taken down because they are