青书学堂英语考试搜题软件
the fresh water in rivers, lakes, ponds, ditches and wetland on the surface makes up about of fresh water resources.
which of the following description is correct about the geographical meanings of water cycle?
in atmosphere, is directly associated with geography.
so far, the has been the most sophisticated and advanced geosphere.
in geography, the studies on the generation, tranission, storage, ysis, processing and application of geospatial information belong to the research contents of .
because of several times of violent crustal movements, the himalayas began to rise from the bottom of the ocean, and formed .
human geography, urban & rural planning, based on the theory of , studies the geographical distribution, expansion and changes of humanistic phenomena, and the formation and developmental laws of the geographical structures of human social activities.
ocean geography and ocean science mainly focuses on mechani, environmental characteristics and development laws of .
the production of “mulberry fish pond” in the pearl river delta belongs to .
which of the following natural disasters don’t belong to the earth’s surface ones?
geography is a discipline that studies the natural and human elements on the earth’s surface at different scales, and their interaction, the features, structures, patterns, processes, geographical differentiation of evolution and .
the vegetation in china follows a pattern that it changes with latitude, longitude and height. thus, the erse vegetation types vary from east to west, from south to north, and from low to high altitude.
the river with most abundant fresh water resources in the world is the river in south america.
the major of geography includes at least physical geography, resources & environment, ocean geography and ocean science, ,and geographic information science.
there are constant exchanges of momentum, heat and between the ocean and atmosphere, which have profound effect on climate and even natural environment. the process of mutual influence is known as ocean-atmosphere interaction.
is short for silk road economic belt and the 21st-century maritime silk road
geographic information science and technology is a discipline to , store, manage, process, yze, display and describe geospatial information.
the disastrous consequences that global warming brings about are glacial ablation and .
the aihui–tengchong line that ides the population of china into two roughly equal parts, the southeast part and the northwest part is called_______.
academician ren mei’e of nanjing university was the first to state the conclusion that the northern limit for could reach 25°n and that the highest altitude could reach 900 to 1000 meters, thus providing solid scientific foundation for the establishment of plantations for tropical crops.
eratosthenes calculated the earth's circumference, giving it a circumference of about____miles, compared with the current equatorial circumference of about 24 902 miles.
from the middle and late 15th century to the age of the great navigation at the end of the 17th century, civilized humans reached and initially recognized about____of all the land on the earth's surface.
in just over two hundred years, from the middle and late 15th century to the age of the great navigation of the late 17th century, civilized man had arrived and had initially recognized most of the earth's surface, but had not yet recognized____.
zheng he's first voyage was____years before the dias setting out in search of the southernmost tip of the african continent
during the ming dynasty, geographer____traveled to 21 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, recording various phenomena, people, geography, plants and animals along the way. after 30 years of investigation, he wrote a 600 000-word geographical masterpiece____.
xuan zang, a famous monk in the tang dynasty, went west in 627 to seek dharma. he traveled all over the ganges river and the indus valley, and visited more than 110 countries. after returning to china, he compiled_____according to his dictation.
which of the following navigators completed the first round-the-world voyage in human history?
in_____, the former soviet union launched the first artificial earth satellite -- sputnik, ushering in a new era of satellite remote sensing.
the spatial resolution of earth observation satellite images has been developed to the present highest_____resolution.
who compiled the atlas of physical geography of the people's republic of china and a bird's-eye view of chinese topography, making outstanding contributions to the development of chinese modern cartography.
roger tomlinson first proposed the term____. he proposed and completed the 1:5000 cgis.
in 1915, alfred wegener published his work ____on the theory of continental drift, which attracted the attention of the geographers all over the world.
who discovered the southernmost tip of africa, cape agalese, and the southwestern tip of the cape of good hope.
which of the following isn’t the main research focus of physical geography?
the main weather phenomena appear in .
which of the following forms under the action of exogenetic force.
the results of reclaiming land from lakes don’t include .
which of the following doesn’t belong to soil genetic horizons?
which of the following discipline takes the spheres of the earth’s surface system as a whole, and takes it as one of its core research objects.
since the industrial revolution, the burning of fossil fuels leads to the increase of in the atmosphere by about 25%.
the sphere called the “the earth’s critical zone” is mostly referred to .
physical geographical environment indexes of different areas often have their own features, and are different from other regions. we call it the character of .
the research object of human geography study is .
from the perspective of world population distribution, asian monsoon region represented by east asia, northeast asia and south asia, , and european plains are the most densely populated regions in the world.
the idea of man can conquer nature, the productivity of land are conditioned by human’s will belongs to the mentality of
which is not the basic concept of human geography
which is not the sub-field of human geography
the construction of may cause nimby effect.
human geography focuses on the study of geographical environment ecosystem.
urban&rural planning is one of the practice approaches and career choices of human geography.
zhu kezhen made china's first national population density map.
chinese touri geography is the field study of human geography.
the three plans in three-plan integration spatial planning is the planning of national economy development and social development, urban planning and territory planning.
the belt and road initiative(the silk road economic belt and the 21st century maritime silk road) is the manifestation of globalization.
the length of the global mid-ocean ridges is about _____ kilometers.
of the following common marine disasters, _____ is not a marine geological disaster.
of the following early nautical expeditions, _____ is the most important one in the history of ocean science.
in the context of global change, sea level is rising, which will impact the marine environment. _____ is not an environmental problem triggered by sea level rising.
deep-ocean trenches are developed in the pacific ocean.
columbus' voyage was earlier than zheng he’s voyage.
chinese earliest record of tidal research is found in __________.
ocean science comprises four basic subdisciplines: physical oceanology, marine biology, _________ and marine chemistry.
the china seas are a series of marginal seas and shelf seas interbedded by __________ and the pacific ocean.
which of the following isn’t domestic gis software?
which of the following isn’t the acquisition method of geographic information?
by using gps, on the 2d plane, at least ______ known points can identify the only unknown point; on the 3d space, at least ______ known points can identify the only unknown point.
which of the following does remote sensing image preprocessing not include?
which of the following doesn’t belong to the application of lbs?
there are a lot of reasons causing global warming, among which human reasons mainly include______ ①heavy use of fossil fuels ②development and use of glaciers ③damage to rain forests ④wide use of air conditioners
in 2011, national administration of surveying, mapping and geographic information established national geographic information technology industrial park in ______.
the increase of co2 concentration in the atmosphere and the global warming will increase the probability of the extreme weather, the frequency and intensity of flood and drought, and cause the sea level rise.
gis is generally made of five parts: system hardware, system software, ____, application personnel, and application model.
is based on some practical investigation results to infer the overall situation.
is the latest geodetic coordinate system in china.
the scale of a map is a
geographic investigation is the field investigation and observation in which is targeted and it is basis for research on geography.
formal investigation includes preparation, conclusion, etc.
key technologies involved in big data ysis in geography are internet of things, data mining, etc.
which of the following description is correct about the geographical meanings of water cycle?
in geography, the studies on the generation, tranission, storage, ysis, processing and application of geospatial information belong to the research contents of .
because of several times of violent crustal movements, the himalayas began to rise from the bottom of the ocean, and formed .
human geography, urban & rural planning, based on the theory of , studies the geographical distribution, expansion and changes of humanistic phenomena, and the formation and developmental laws of the geographical structures of human social activities.
ocean geography and ocean science mainly focuses on mechani, environmental characteristics and development laws of .
from the middle and late 15th century to the age of the great navigation at the end of the 17th century, civilized humans reached and initially recognized about of all the land on the earth's surface.
which of the following navigators completed the first round-the-world voyage in human history
the spatial resolution of earth observation satellite images has been developed to the present highest resolution.
which of the following isn’t the main research focus of physical geography?
the results of reclaiming land from lakes don’t include .
which of the following discipline takes the spheres of the earth’s surface system as a whole, and takes it as one of its core research objects.
from the perspective of world population distribution, asian monsoon region represented by east asia, northeast asia and south asia, , and european plains are the most densely populated regions in the world.
the idea of man can conquer nature, the productivity of land are conditioned by human’s will belongs to the mentality of
in the context of global change, sea level is rising, which will impact the marine environment. _____ is not an environmental problem triggered by sea level rising.
which of the following isn’t the acquisition method of geographic information?
which of the following doesn’t belong to the application of lbs?
by using gps, on the 2d plane, at least ______ known points can identify the only unknown point; on the 3d space, at least ______ known points can identify the only unknown point.
_ ___ is based on some practical investigation results to infer the overall situation.
is the latest geodetic coordinate system in china.
the three developing stages of “3-3” talent cultivation model doesn’t include:
the belt and road initiative(the silk road economic belt and the 21st century maritime silk road) is the manifestation of globalization.
columbus' voyage was earlier than zheng he’s voyage.
geography is a discipline that studies the natural and human elements on the earth’s surface at different scales, and their interaction, the features, structures, patterns, processes, geographical differentiation of evolution and .
the vegetation in china follows a pattern that it changes with latitude, longitude and height. thus, the erse vegetation types vary from east to west, from south to north, and from low to high altitude.
who discovered the southernmost tip of africa, cape agalese, and the southwestern tip of the cape of good hope.
the sphere called the “the earth’s critical zone” is mostly referred to .
the china seas are a series of marginal seas and shelf seas interbedded by __________ and the pacific ocean.
the location of comprehensive practice of nanjing university geography majors is _____ in jiujiang city, jiangxi province.
nanjing university geography majors have relatively abundant second classroom activities. the second classroom mainly includes _____ and disciplinary competition activities.
geography is quite a _____ science, which is manifest in the course practice, field practice, scientific research practice and so on.
key technologies involved in big data ysis in geography are internet of things, data mining, etc.
gis is generally made of five parts: system hardware, system software, ____, application personnel, and application model.
在您看来，教学设计的范畴包括________等方面。
您认为，教学设计一般包括
您认为，教学评价的设计一般包括
我能够从互联网上找到需要的软件并自己成功安装。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并先请周围的同事或同学协助你学会这一技能】
我能够根据网上找到的教程学会软件的使用。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并先请周围的同事或同学协助你学会这一技能】
我知道如何把word文档转成pdf文档。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并学习本活动中的后续步骤“制作pdf格式的文档”】
在学习过程中，我知道论坛中哪些活动是计分的，哪些是不计分的。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并学习课程“常见问题”】
在论坛中发帖时，我能做到不发水贴，在发帖提问之前能先了解是否已有相同的提问。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并在后续课程中留意这一点】
在论坛中发帖时，我知道如何关注感兴趣的帖子。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则选择错误，并在后续课程中留意这一点】
每周学习结束后，我能够自己总结出学到的知识，并提出新的问题。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并能在后续的学习中留意这一点】
在参与同伴互评活动时，我能够认真阅读同伴的作业，按照评分标准给出合适的评分，并尽可能提出修改的方向和具体的建议。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并学习本活动中的后续步骤“什么样的评语对你帮助最大”】
在参与同伴互评活动时，我能够认真阅读同伴的作业，按照评分标准给出合适的评分，并尽可能提出修改的方向和具体的建议。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并学习本活动中的后续步骤“什么样的评语对你帮助最大”】
我知道如何分享较大的文件（大于100m）。【如果能做到，请选择正确，否则请选择错误，并先请周围的同学或同事协助你学会这一技能】
为了公平客观地反映学员的学习程度，希望你可以承诺做到以下要求。（同意请选择正确）
作业都是原创，不抄袭，如果有引用别人资源的地方，一定注明出处。（同意请选择正确）
不冒名顶替他人学习，拒绝做、替学的“”。（同意请选择正确）
不借作业供他人抄袭，一旦发现，两人都是零分。（同意请选择正确）
允许就课程话题进行讨论，但是需要每个人独立写一份作业或发帖，而不允许一个学员记录讨论结果，大家复制一份。（同意请选择正确）
自觉遵守讨论区各论坛的话题约定，不发与论坛话题无关的帖子。不把一个帖子到处粘贴。（同意请选择正确）
不发“支持”、“同意”这样的帖子----这种支持赞同可以直接对所认同的帖“点赞”即可。我们希望留在论坛上的每个帖子都有内容。这有几个好处：一是论坛讨论了哪些问题会看得比较清楚，二是哪些问题有多少人关注也比较直观。（同意请选择正确）
先看别人的帖子再发言，如果英雄所见略同就点赞。如果有补充，就在其后加几句。不要上来就发帖，这样很容易出现观点重复帖，对于上万人学习的课程来说，就是帖灾了，会影响大家交流的深度。（同意请选择正确）
严禁言语暴力，请在学习交流中与人为善。（同意请选择正确）
我认真阅读了本周的开课公告。（如果你完成本项任务，请你选择正确；否则请你选择错误，并返回完成任务）
我认真观看了本周内容中的10个视频。（如果你完成本项任务，请你选择正确；否则请你选择错误，并返回完成任务）
我认真阅读了本周内容中的3份文档。（如果你完成本项任务，请你选择正确；否则请你选择错误，并返回完成任务）
我认真参与了本周设置的3个讨论，并对自己觉得不错的回复点赞。（如果你完成本项任务，请你选择正确；否则请你选择错误，并返回完成任务）
在微课的设计模块中，我认真学习了所有视频内容，并积极参与了讨论。在讨论过程中，我有为自己认为写的好的评论点赞，同时我也回复过其他学员的评论。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
在多媒体课件的设计模块中，我下载了课程团队提供的课件案例，并对其进行自学分析。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
在虚拟仿真实训资源的设计模块中，我有认真了解虚拟实训资源的应用领域，并能够在讨论区中表达自己的观点。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
在在线开放课程的设计模块中，我认真学习了课程团队提供的相关案例，并能够归纳出在线开放课程设计与开发的相关流程。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
在“优课”的设计模块，我认真学习了所有内容，了解了“优课”的内涵，教学模式及其教学设计等内容，同时我了解了“优课”磨课的几个不同环节。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
在翻转课堂的设计模块，我认真学习了所有内容，了解了翻转课堂的内涵、特征、典型模式与设计，并认真学习了相关案例和工具。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
在混合学习的设计模块，我认真学习了所有视频内容，并积极参与了讨论。在讨论过程中，我有为自己认为写的好的评论点赞，同时我也回复过其他学员的评论。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
在企业培训的设计模块，我有认真了解教学设计在企业培训中的应用，并能够在讨论区中表达自己的观点。【如果确认完成，请您选择正确；如果没有完成，请您选择错误并返回完成】
教学设计是运用（），将学习理论与教学理论的原理转换成对教学环境、教学资源、教学活动和教学评价进行具体计划的系统化过程。
下列不属于学习者起点能力分析的是（）。
加涅将学习结果分为言语信息、智力技能、认知策略、动作技能和态度，下面属于言语信息的是（）。
下列有关皮亚杰的认知发展阶段理论的说法，正确的是（ ）
智慧学习环境特征包括有效性、趣味性、适应性和（）。
下列哪个属于微课的特点？（）
在多媒体课件设计时，我们需要考虑媒体的使用目标。下面哪个不属于媒体的使用目标？（）
按照资源实现的用途分，虚拟仿真实训资源不包括下面哪一种？（）
在线开放课程的学习支持服务分为导学、督学、助学三种类型，下列不属于导学内容的是（）。
根据教育部2014年教育信息化工作部署，“一师一优课、一课一名师”活动正式启动，以下哪些说法不是教育部开展“优课”活动的目的？（）
翻转课堂的设计一般包括课前、课中、课后的设计。下面哪一个环节不属于课前前置预学，诊断评价（）。
翻转课堂教学模式的理论基础是（）。
下列不属于企业培训特点的是（）。
下列哪个不属于网络教学评价的特点？（）
下列不属于智慧学习评价特征的是（）。
教学设计的层次包括（）。
前端分析的内容有哪些（）。
智慧学习环境是指应用物联网、传感设备、大数据等新一代智能信息处理技术，实现教与学过程的全面感知，为学习者提供（）学习过程支持的教学空间。
一般来说，微课资源是由（）构成。
多媒体课件的特点包括（）。
虚拟仿真实训资源的特征包括（）。
一般来说，优课包括（）。
翻转课堂有哪些特点？（）
混合学习的理论基础是（）。
教学设计的创新发展包括（）。
教学设计是教学理论与实践的桥梁，能够促进教学优化，实现教学创新。
分解教学内容知识点和厘清知识点之间的关系属于教学内容结构分析中的两个步骤。
mooc的英文全称是“massive open online course ”。
2008年ibm提出智慧地球（smart planet）、智慧城市、智慧交通、智慧医疗等概念。
可以使用powerpoint、screencast等工具制作微课视频。
多媒体课件的内容既可以针对一个知识点，也可以针对一门课程。
教学重点不一定是教学难点，教学难点一定是教学重点。
在线开放课程设计的核心是课程内容的微视频制作。
打磨优课主要包括打磨教学问题、打磨教学理念、打磨技术的创新应用和打磨教学过程四个环节。
优课的选题一般是针对一门课程，内容符合相关课程标准。
翻转课堂是指在信息化环境中，课程教师提供以教学视频为主的主要形式的学习资源，学生在上课前观看和学习教学视频等学习资源，师生在课堂上完成作业、答疑、协作探究和互动交流等活动的新型教学模式。
混合学习是整合了面对面教学和在线学习两种模式。
企业培训是为了实现组织绩效目标，向执教者提供执教指引，同时向受教者提供一系列学习机会的教学计划。
智慧学习评价的过程包括确定评价目标、构建评价模型、收集评价数据、分析评价模型、做出价值性判断和进行智能决策。
评价目标的确定是影响评价质量和效果的关键因素。
以下哪个选项不能作为制约因素来考虑轨道交通之间的换乘效率()
下列哪一项指标可以作为衡量整个运营网络能耗的指标()
以下选项当中哪一个不是公共交通企业统计的特点()
企业计划指标按其表现形式可分为实物指标和()
客流在线路各断面上的动态分布是有一定特点的，但对整条线路归纳起来，大致有三种主要类型，其中不包括()
正常运营状态下评价指标包含基础指标、客流指标与乘客出行特征三方面内容，以下选项中哪一项属于基础指标()
轨道交通的主要技术指标年度统计主要7种，其中不包括()
以下关于统计表的构成说确的是()
为适应知识经济和世界经济一体化的要求，应赋予企业统计以()职能。
以下选项哪一个不是地铁运营系统所包含的运营状态()
轨道交通能耗评价指标体系中需考虑很多的要素，其中包括()
我国现行统计法主要调整以下哪种社会关系()
统计工作的整个过程，大致可以分为三个不相同的而又相互联系的阶段，即()
轨道运营服务指标包括三方面内容，他们分别是：()
轨道交通全面客流调查后应计算的主要指标有()
常用的统计表的种类有简单表、分组表、复合表、调查表、整理表﹔常用的统计图有()
统计分析的常用方法有()
从地铁安全管理的现状和问题来看，影响地铁安全的因素有()
轨道交通的运能、线路走向所处交通走廊的特点以及车站所处区位的用地性质，是影响轨道交通客流在全天不同时间上分布的主要影响因素。纵观不同运能轨道交通的不同类型的车站，其中包括()曲线类型。
统计工作具体包括以下几个方面：()
统计研究的基本方法有()
统计调查方法从不同的角度区分有以下几种：按组织形式分，可分为统计报表和专门调查，按调查单位的范围分，有全面调查和非全面调查，按调查时间的连续性分，有经常性调查和一次性调查，按取得资料的方法分，有直接观察法、报告法和采访法等。()
城市轨道交通承担的客流由三部分构成。其中趋势客流是城市轨道交通初期建设所需要满足的客流，转移客流是城市轨道交通的基础客流，是原来主要由道路公交和自行车方式所承担的城市较长距离的客流转移到城市轨道交通，诱增客流量是指由于轨道交通项目的兴建，使原有的交通体系得到改善，诱发了部分居民的出行欲望，导致原有出行者的出行行为发生变化。()
企业原始记录是按照统计、会计和业务三种核算的要求，通过一定的表格形式，对企业生产经营活动的情况所做的最初数字和文字记载。()
名词解释：
名词解释：良心
名词解释：正义
名词解释：幸福
简答题：请简述儒家思想的主要特点？
简单题：请简述古希腊罗马时期的思想主要特点。
简单题：请简述爱情的基本特征。
简答题：请简述核心价值观内涵和志愿服务精神主要内容。
论述题：请结合社会工作价值观与，谈谈社会工作者如何加强自我修养。
论述题：请谈谈你阅读的一本与相关的书籍心得体会。
1. “永乐三年，有海军三万七千人，携罗盘针，乘大船六十二艘，由苏州刘家港出发，泛海经福建，南达占城，以次遍历诸国”。该历史事件指
唐太宗非常重视中书、门下两省在中枢政务机构中所发挥的作用。他曾对群臣说：“中书召敕或有差失，则门下当然驳正。”这反映了门下省的职权是
文学可以表达人的思想感情，如“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”、“花自飘零水自流，一种相思，两处闲愁”、“枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马；夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。” 这里依次引用的文学形式分别是
贞观年间，唐三省的运行机制是：
使古代君主专制达到最顶峰的是
春秋战国时期诸子百家的世界观、人生观，为塑造民族的民族性格奠定了基础。如儒家、墨家、道家、法家所崇尚的理想人格相对应的排列组合是
孔子主张“仁者，爱人。”孟子主张“政在得民”二者主张的本质内涵都是重视
清朝实行重农抑商和闭关锁国政策产生的影响是 ①阻碍了资本主义萌芽的发展 ②强化了自给自足的自然经济 ③造成了的日益落后 ④加速了小农经济的解体
太平天国失败的标志是
钱穆认为：“汉代的选举，是由封建贵族中开放政权的一条路；唐代的公开竞选，是由门第特殊阶级中开放政权的一条路。”这表明汉唐选官制度
西汉海昏侯刘贺当过27帝，后被辅政大臣霍光率领群臣以“荒淫迷惑，失帝王礼仪，乱汉制度”为由奏请太后废黜。这一事件说明当时
考古显示，战国时期，秦国君王墓葬规模宏大，其余墓葬无明显等级差别；而在经济发达的东方六国，君王、卿大夫、士的墓葬等级差别明显。对此理解正确的是
分封制使西周贵族集团形成了等级森严的等级次序。下列等级次序，正确的是
有学者将《左传》中出现的516人，见于战国典籍的197人作为考察对象，划分为公子、卿大夫和士三个集团，发现从春秋至战国，公子集团比例由53%骤减至10%以下，卿大夫集团由44%上升至74% 后又跌至55%，士集团由32%上升至60%。这一趋势表明了
《吕氏春秋·慎势》说：“先王之法，立天子不使诸侯疑焉，立诸侯不使大夫疑焉，立嫡子不使庶孽疑焉。疑生争，争生乱，是故诸侯失位则天下乱，大夫无等则朝廷乱，妻妾不分则家室乱，嫡孽无别则宗族乱。”材料体现了宗法制的作用是
元末，张士诚、方国珍与朱元璋争夺天下失败，但余部逃亡海上，继续与明朝为敌，而且还与日本海盗相勾结，共同反明。针对这一情况，朱元璋说：“朕以海道可通外邦，故尝禁其往来”。据此可知，明初实行海禁主要是因为
“故明主之国，无书简之文，以法为教；无私剑之捍，以斩首为勇。”该材料反映的是
电视剧《乔家大院》向我们展示了一代晋商乔致庸的传奇一生。明清时期以晋商为代表的商帮出现的历史条件主要有 ①放弃了歧视商人的政策 ②农产品大量涌入市场，小农经济与市场联系加强 ③商业市镇兴起，城镇经济繁荣 ④货币经济占据主导，白银使用广泛
甲骨文卜辞：“(王)大令众人曰：协田。”《诗经》：“千耦其耘。”(宋代)范成大《四时田园杂兴》：“昼出耘田夜绩麻，村庄儿女各当家。童孙未解供耕织，也傍桑阴学种瓜。”材料反映了
史载：“开元、天宝之中，耕者益力，四海之内，高山绝壑，耒耜亦满，人家粮储，皆及数岁，太仓委积，陈腐不可较量。”这段材料反映出 ①唐前期开辟出大量荒田 ②劳动创造出大量的财富 ③ 生产工具大有改进 ④社会经济十分繁荣
秦始皇说：“天下共苦，战斗不休，以有侯王。天下初定，又复立国，是树兵也，而求其宁息，岂不难哉！”为“求其宁息”，秦始皇采取的措施是
宋明理学的集大成者是
下列人发明或制造的物品中，最早传入欧洲的是
春秋战国时期铁器的使用和牛耕的推广产生了深远的社会影响，这些影响不包括
古代有两个思想文化非常活跃的时期，它们是
机械零件由于某些原因不能()时称为失效。
传动用螺纹(如梯形螺纹)的牙型斜角比连接用螺纹(如三角形螺纹)的牙型斜角大，这主要是为了提高传动效率。()
高速重载齿轮传动，当润滑不良时最可能出现的失效形式是齿面胶合。()
直齿锥齿轮通常近似地以其大端分度圆当量圆柱齿轮来代替之进行强度计算。()
在螺栓连接中，当螺栓轴线与被连接件支撑面不垂直时螺栓中将产生附加弯曲应力。()
承受预紧力f′的紧螺栓联接在受工作拉力f时，剩余预紧力为f″，其螺栓所受的总拉力f₀=f′ f。()
平键联接不能实现轴上零件的轴向固定。()
高速重载齿轮传动，当润滑不良时最可能出现的失效形式是磨粒磨损。()
零件的使用寿命是指()磨损阶段的时间。
标准齿轮以标准中心距安装时，分度圆压力角()啮合角。
常用的螺旋副中，()的自锁性能最好。
阿基米德蜗杆和蜗轮在中间平面上相当于直齿轮与斜齿轮的啮合。()
圆柱齿轮传动中，在齿轮材料、齿宽和齿数相同的情况下，当增大模数时，轮齿的弯曲强度()。
凡具有自锁性螺纹副(螺纹升角小于当量摩擦角)，则不必考虑其防松。()
与直齿圆柱齿轮相比，斜齿圆柱齿轮重合度增大的原因是()。
与直齿轮传动相比，由于斜齿轮传动的重合度较小，而使传动更趋平稳。()
受单向稳定变应力的零件，其许用极限应力的取值，除与给定的许用极限应力图有关外，还与零件的工作应力点在极限应力图的位置及其应力变化规律有关。()
闭式硬齿面齿轮传动的主要失效形式是()。
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